{"id":261974,"date":"2025-12-15T19:20:27","date_gmt":"2025-12-15T17:20:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alanwaralmsreah.com\/?p=261974"},"modified":"2025-12-15T19:20:27","modified_gmt":"2025-12-15T17:20:27","slug":"%d8%ad%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%8a%d8%a8%d9%82%d9%89-%d8%ad%d9%8a%d9%8b%d9%91%d8%a7%d8%9f-%d8%b1%d9%8e%d8%ad%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alanwaralmsreah.com\/?p=261974","title":{"rendered":"\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629&#8230; \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627\u061f \u0631\u064e\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629: \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u062e\u0631\u0633\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u064f \u0646\u0628\u0636\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0628\u0631 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\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>1. \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 (Open Science)<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631. \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 15,000 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0648750 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>2. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629 (Silent Universities)<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a. \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 &#8220;\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0646&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0639\u0645\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 30% \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>3. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Community Science)<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u064a \u0630\u0643\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 60%. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 40,000 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c: \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2022 \u062d\u0650\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0648\u0644: \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 &#8220;\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629&#8221; \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a: \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 20% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 ResearchGate \u0648 Academia.edu \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 Scopus \u0648Web of Science.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2022 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629: \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 15% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b &#8220;\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2022 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631: \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f 5-10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2022 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629: \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0639: \u0645\u0646\u062d \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 5 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2022 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642: \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0644\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 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\/>\n<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0645&#8221;\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a 50 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2022 80% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 QS \u0623\u0648 Times<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2022 92% \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2022 67% \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629: \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a &#8211; \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a &#8211; \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064b\u0627&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641. \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u063a\u0629.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639: \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>1. \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0629&#8221;<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0648\u0627 &#8220;\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629&#8221;: \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636. \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639. \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>2. \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646&#8221; (Citizen Scientists)<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a&#8221; \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646&#8221; \u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>3. \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a&#8221;<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a. \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644: \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 (20%)\u060c \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0647 (30%)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 (50%). \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0625\u0628\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629&#8221;<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>(\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629)<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a: \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0628\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0628\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642. \u0625\u0628\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a&#8221;. \u0625\u0628\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629&#8221;.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629: \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629&#8221; \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a. \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a: \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624\u064a \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>1. \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a: \u0643\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>2. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621 (Slow Time)<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621&#8221;: \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c (\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631)\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0629.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>3. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0642\u062f &#8220;\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629&#8221; \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 &#8220;\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647&#8221; \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644: &#8220;\u0647\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u061f&#8221;<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>4. \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0643\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u0645<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0644:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2022 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2022 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2022 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645&#8221; \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 (Evaluation) \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629&#8221; (Value) \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u0639\u0631. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639. \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631&#8221; (Appreciation) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062c\u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649\u064b \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u062d\u064a\u064a.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0641\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645. \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u063a\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631: \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0643 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u064b\u060c \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u062f\u0627\u064b\u061f \u0623\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0627\u064b\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0644\u0628\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0636 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648-\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a\u0648-\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 QS \u0623\u0648 Times Higher Education\u061f \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0651\u0647\u0629:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2022 85% \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0629 Q1 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2022 92% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2022 70% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a&#8221; \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2022 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 Scopus \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0640Elsevier \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2022 Web of Science \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0640Clarivate \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2022 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 Google Scholar \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 &#8220;\u0645\u0647\u0645&#8221; \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 40% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a (Science 2023) <\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>2. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 50 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 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\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629: 5-10 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646\u060c 20-30 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221;: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 PhD )\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a &#8220;\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621&#8221;\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2022 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2022 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0647<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f: \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2022 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2022 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2022 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u064a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064f\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u060c \u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0647\u0646\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629) \u0648\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a) \u0648\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0632 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a).<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2022 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a: \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 (\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a) \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2022 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u064a\u063a\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645)<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2022 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2022 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629: \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2022 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a. \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0630\u0628\u062d\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0623 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0641\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c 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